<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<page>
  <body>h3. Una ciudad ideal

Concebido en principio como orfanato minero y transformado en el tiempo de su construcci&#243;n en Universidad Laboral, el edificio de Luis Moya fue pensado como una gran ciudad ideal aut&#225;rquica y cerrada sobre s&#237; misma, que dispon&#237;a incluso de una granja de 100 hect&#225;reas y estaba preparada para formar a generaciones de hijos de obreros como profesionales altamente cualificados.

Construida seg&#250;n los ideales de la arquitectura clasicista, el centro de esta ciudad ideal ser&#237;a la gran plaza central, alrededor de la cual se disponen la magn&#237;fica iglesia, la torre, el teatro y los edificios de direcci&#243;n. En torno a ese aut&#233;ntico coraz&#243;n monumental de la ciudad, se despliegan el resto de dependencias, entre las que destacan las naves di&#225;fanas construidas para talleres de formaci&#243;n profesional.

El conjunto de edificios comenz&#243; a construirse en 1948 y las obras continuaron durante a&#241;os hasta ser bruscamente detenidas en 1957, a ra&#237;z del cese fulminante del Ministro de Trabajo Jos&#233; Antonio Gir&#243;n, principal impulsor de las universidades laborales espa&#241;olas. Para entonces, ya los primeros alumnos asist&#237;an a las primeras clases de la instituci&#243;n gijonesa. Inacabada y rodeada de legendarias historias, la mole de la Universidad Laboral de Gij&#243;n vivi&#243; casi medio siglo entre el incondicional entusiasmo afectivo de quienes la habitaban y la incomprensi&#243;n o el abierto rechazo de quienes la observabandesde fuera desmesurada o extempor&#225;nea.

En la Universidad Laboral de Gij&#243;n, dirigida por los jesuitas desde su inicio y asistida en las labores de intendencia diaria por monjas clarisas, se formaron generaciones de estudiantes y profesionales cualificados - torneros, maestros industriales, soldadores, fresadores, peritos&#8230; - procedentes de todas las provincias espa&#241;olas. Muchos de ellos constituyen ahora una activa Asociaci&#243;n de Antiguos Alumnos que mantiene vivo el recuerdo de la historia de la instituci&#243;n.

En los a&#241;os ochenta, la Universidad Laboral pasa a formar parte del Instituto Nacional de Ense&#241;anzas Integradas y buena parte de las instalaciones queda sin uso, sometida a un proceso imparable de abandono y deterioro hasta que en 2001 el Gobierno del Principado de Asturias se hace cargo del edificio y comienza por dise&#241;ar un ambicioso plan de usos para insuflar nueva vida a la infrautilizada ciudad ideal de Moya.

Objeto de toda clase de contrapuestas lecturas pol&#237;ticas, art&#237;sticas e ideol&#243;gicas, la ciudad ideal ha superado todas las contradicciones hasta llegar al siglo XXI como lo que siempre fue: un magn&#237;fico y singular discurso de puros valores arquitect&#243;nicos. Como Rafael Moneo ha escrito, refiri&#233;ndose al conjunto de la obra de Luis Moya, &#8220;ahora, al desprendernos de lo circunstancial, la miramos con otros ojos, ojos que no excluyen el sobresalto, el que produce aquello que por menos conocido parece an&#243;malo, y al que siempre acompa&#241;a, sin embargo, un difuso sentimiento en el que se entrecruzan simpat&#237;a y respeto.&#8221;
</body>
  <body-en>Originally designed as an orphanage for the children of miners, but transformed during its construction into a Universidad Laboral (Technical College), this magnificent building complex conceived by the architect, Luis Moya Blanco was built as a grand self-sufficient, utopian city, closed in on itself. Indeed, it even had a 100 hectare farm and was fitted out to train generations of working-class children as highly qualified professionals.

Built pursuant to classical architectural principles, the central square was to become the heart of this ideal city, around of which there would be a magnificent church, tower, theatre and management buildings. Around this monumental central area of the city, the rest of the buildings were to strike out, among which the diaphanous workshops stand out, which had been built to accommodate vocational training activities.

Work on the complex began back in 1948 and were to last for several years until being brought to a sudden stop in 1957 as a result of the on the spot dismissal of the Minister for Labour,  Jos&#233; Antonio Gir&#243;n, the main driving force behind Spanish technical colleges. By that time, the first students had already begun to attend classes. Unfinished and abounding in legendary stories about the construction works, the Unviersidad Laboral de Gij&#243;n lived on for decades riding a course between the unconditional affection held for the place by the majority of those who had built it and studied there and the incomprehension, or even complete rejection, of those who observed this untimely, disproportionate monolith from without.

Generations of students and qualified tradesmen - fitter-turners, master technicians, welders, millers, technical engineers &#8211; from the length and breadth of Spain were trained at Gij&#243;n&#8217;s Universidad Laboral, which from its beginning was run by the Jesuits with the able assistance of the nuns of St. Clare who looked after the day-to-day logistics tasks. Many of these still play an active part in the Alumni Association, which serves to keep the story of the institution alive.

In the 1980's, the old Universidad Laboral came to form part of the National Institute of Integrated Education, thus leaving a large part of the facilities obsolete and subject to relentless deterioration until 2001, when the Government of the Principality of Asturias took over the building and began to design an ambitious plan for its use in order to breathe new life into Moya&#8217;s under-used, ideal city.

Once the object of all kinds of opposing political, artistic and ideological readings, the ideal city has overcome all of these contradictions and has come down to us today for what it has always been from the very beginning:  a magnificent and unique discourse of pure architectural values. As Rafael Moneo has written with respect to Luis Moya&#8217;s creation as a whole, &#8220;&#8230;now, on leaving behind the circumstantial, we can look with other eyes on his work, with eyes that do not preclude that certain shock that comes about when confronted with something which, as a result of being largely unknown, seems anomalous, and which is always accompanied, nonetheless, with a vague feeling of both warmth and respect&#8221;.</body-en>
  <created-at type="datetime">2008-10-15T22:11:44+00:00</created-at>
  <extra-content></extra-content>
  <extra-content-en nil="true"></extra-content-en>
  <id type="integer">17</id>
  <keyword>historia</keyword>
  <language-code>es</language-code>
  <status type="integer">1</status>
  <title>Historia</title>
  <title-en>History</title-en>
  <translation-of type="integer">0</translation-of>
  <updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-12T12:22:20+00:00</updated-at>
  <user-id type="integer" nil="true"></user-id>
</page>
